Overview: Male Pattern Baldness (MPB), scientifically termed as Male Androgenetic Alopecia (MAA), is the leading reason behind hair loss in men. As men age, they experience a patterned thinning of hair, transforming thick hairs into fine, nearly invisible ones. This transition, consistent in its pattern, results in a bare scalp. The roots of MPB are tied deeply to genetics and hormonal changes, especially the androgens.

 

Genetics & Hormonal Connection: Post puberty, a certain level of hair loss driven by androgens is universal. As the years progress, the extent of hair loss intensifies to the point where it becomes noticeable and is termed as balding. The genetic angle to hair loss has been confirmed through twin studies. Additionally, observations from eunuchs, who lack androgens, emphasise the hormone's role in this hair loss condition.

 

Impact of MPB: The primary consequences of MPB are psychological, shaping one's self-image and confidence. Particularly, early onset of MPB can lead to profound emotional distress. Moreover, there's a noted correlation between MPB and elevated risks of specific health concerns, such as melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancers on the scalp, heart attacks, high blood pressure, and raised cholesterol levels.

 

Available Treatments: Currently, only two treatments - topical minoxidil and finasteride (a 5 alpha reductase type II inhibitor) address MPB. They not only prevent further hair loss but also aid in the partial regrowth of hair. Another drug, dutasteride, which inhibits both types I and II of 5 alpha reductase, has shown promising results in early-stage trials, outpacing finasteride. However, comprehensive data from phase III trials are awaited. Hair transplantation, a popular choice in the USA, leverages the enduring and androgen-resistant nature of hair found at the back of the head.

 

Towards the Future: Ongoing research is deep diving into MPB's underlying mechanisms, genetic predispositions, and the intricate role of androgens. These endeavours will undoubtedly pave the way for novel and more effective treatments for androgenetic alopecia in the future.